This period saw a rapid development of Rome, but the speculative nature of the market led to bankruptcies and ghetto districts. ![]() From 1904-1908 she was a lecturer at the Pedagogic School of the University of Rome. In 1901 Maria began her own studies of educational philosophy and anthropology, lecturing and teaching students. The notion of social reform became a strong theme throughout Maria's life, whether it was for gender roles, or advocacy for children. In 1898 Maria gave birth to Mario, following her relationship with Giusseppe Montesano, her codirector at the school.Īt the age of twenty-eight Maria began advocating her controversial theory that the lack of support for mentally and developmentally disabled children was the cause of their delinquency. In particular, the work of two early 19th century Frenchmen, Jean-Marc Itard, who had made his name working with the ‘wild boy of Aveyron’, and Edouard Séguin, his student. Maria was appointed as co-director of a new institution called the Orthophrenic School. This work initiated a deep interest in the needs of children with learning disabilities. ![]() In 1897, Maria joined a research programme at the psychiatric clinic of the University of Rome, as a volunteer. She became known for her high levels of competency in treating patients, but also for the respect she showed to patients from all social classes. ![]() Soon after her medical career began, Maria became involved in the Women’s Rights movement. Despite facing many obstacles due to her gender, Maria qualified as a doctor in July 1896. After initially being refused, with the endorsement of Pope Leo XIII, Maria was eventually given entry to the University of Rome in 1890, becoming one of the first women in medical school in Italy. Despite her parents’ encouragement to enter teaching, Maria wanted to study the male dominated field of medicine. When Maria graduated secondary school, she became determined to enter medical school and become a doctor. Breaking conventional barriers from the beginning of her education, Maria initially had aspirations to become an engineer. The Montessori family moved to Rome in 1875 and the following year Maria was enrolled in the local state school. Her father, Alessandro, was an accountant in the civil service, and her mother, Renilde Stoppani, was well educated and had a passion for reading. Maria Montessori was born on the 31st August 1870 in the town of Chiaravalle, Italy.
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